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station this is houston are you ready

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i am ready for the event

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w radio this is mission control houston

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at the station

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station this is houston acr just stand

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by one please

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yeah i have you loud and clear welcome

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aboard the space station

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what a pleasure captain i don't know

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what to say good morning good evening

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where are you what is night this day

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well it's about 6 30 in the evening

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we're on uh greenwich time and uh yeah i

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think we're in uh yeah we're in darkness

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and

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looks like somewhere over kind of

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approaching australia in the uh south

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commander a few days ago we saw a

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beautiful moon from the earth beautiful

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red moon

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you were closer 400 kilometers closer

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did you watch and what was the

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well on that uh that particular day of

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the lunar eclipse on unfortunately where

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was occurring with regards to our

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basically our sky and where our windows

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are located we really couldn't see it

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from the space station plus it was in

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the middle of the night

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uh so those two reasons why we didn't

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see it but in general you know the

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the moon and uh and the earth and the

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stars are very very beautiful to see

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from here

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and

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you know it's something we enjoy

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commander we are in south america in

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bogota colombia

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sometimes you look to the window and you

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try to find your house in the united

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well yeah but that's only because we

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have this giant

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lens camera and

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it's got like with the uh doubler on it

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like a 1200 millimeter lens

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otherwise we really couldn't see

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anything with the with the naked eye

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that is uh human made with the exception

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of you can kind of see you know airports

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you can see cities and tell their cities

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but it's not like you'd be able to see a

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particular building without the aid of a

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commander how is your day at what time

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do you wake up and how is your

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so we get up at uh you know between 6

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and

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6 45 in the morning we have a meeting

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with the ground called the daily

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planning conference generally at a about

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7 30 in the morning and again that's on

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greenwich mean time because it's very

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i wouldn't say convenient but it's a

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time that works for all the different

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control centers around the world that

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have to work together

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and uh you know then our day progresses

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from there we work

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basically until

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seven o'clock 7 15 in the evening

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and

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you know have a lot of activities to do

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scientific experiments maintenance on

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the space station just general you know

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housekeeping keeping this orbiting

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laboratory running as well as the the

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exercise time we have up here is done

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commander kelly nasa have plans to send

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humans to mars in 2030

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but with the latest discovery of liquid

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water and knowing that water means fuel

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for your spaceship is there a chance

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that that goal can be reduced few years

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and if so you will be or would you like

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well i i don't think uh us finding water

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would uh accelerate

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our mission to mars maybe if we found a

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bunch of money that would that would

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probably help a lot more because

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uh you know that's

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one of the things we really need

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uh to go to mars is

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is the funding

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um

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and you know the technology we we

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understand i think a lot of what we need

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to to do to get there

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but you know funding is one of the the

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things in the in the critical path so i

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don't think the water helps us in that

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regard but it is very exciting it does

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help us in other ways you know once we

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get there having water is very important

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obviously you need water uh to sustain

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life it'd be great if we didn't have to

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bring it all with us we could maybe get

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it out of the martian atmosphere or out

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of the out of the soil and like you said

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um

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you know you can use liquid oxygen

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and liquid hydrogen

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to propel a rocket so

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you know having

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available water may be a source to be

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able to uh use for for your rocket

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commander kelly your current mission is

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unique your twin brother is here on

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earth and the idea is to compare your

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health with his to see the variations

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during this year on space so far have

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you learned something special do you

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well i hope i look younger but i don't

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know that i feel younger

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um

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you know that

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science is uh

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it's very

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sophisticated uh complicated it's

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looking at us on a genetic level

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and

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much of the way we do that is through

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samples of

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blood and other

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bodily substances both taken here on

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orbit and on the ground and

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in the case of mine they're sent back to

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the ground and a whole lot of analysis

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has to be done a whole lot of research

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and you know publishing

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of the results so i i don't know of any

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particular findings thus far doesn't

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mean

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there aren't any really but uh

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you know that that will take time but

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i'm sure we're going to learn some

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commander

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could you describe for our listeners

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what is the most amazing and surprising

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well you know through the

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through the window

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there's a lot of beautiful sights but

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you know a few months ago we saw some um

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aurora

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australis

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the southern aurora aurora it's hard to

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say sometimes

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that

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you know just really

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enveloped the space station and not only

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could you see the green colors of of

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this particular aurora but you could

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also see the red colors with with your

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naked eye

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so

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um you know that's

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that on this particular flight was one

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of the uh or you know the most

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incredible thing i've seen out the

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commander kelly recently you said via

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twitter you're so active be via twitter

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that your favorite color looking the

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planet is blue but it's green the one

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you miss the most and then you said that

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from space you can see a very thin and

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weak line of the atmosphere how about is

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climate change affecting our planet and

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well you know i believe uh you know

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climate change is real i

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believe that uh you know humans

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have an effect on it i don't know

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exactly

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uh you know

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what level that effect is but i think it

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is significant um

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and you know nasa studies the earth and

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we have a lot of scientists that do this

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type of research and

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you know we're part of the larger

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community of

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you know scientific investigators that

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have you know documented the

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impacts of uh

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you know the

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commander kelly we all hope to be alive

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to see a long-term mission to mars but

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radiation effects and the absence of

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gravity are a big challenge for the

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human body i wonder why the current

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designs don't include some sort of

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artificial centrifugal gravity are you

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doing some experiments about that on the

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so um

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you know that would be great um

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and maybe that would be part of the the

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design of a spacecraft to use artificial

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gravity you know it's been documented in

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in many movies and

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certainly uh you know in theory that

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would be that would work

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we do have negative effects on our

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physiology from the absence of gravity

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but we do have ways to mitigate those by

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exercise and diet

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uh you know maybe there are there'll be

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other ways found in the future so yeah

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that is an option and uh you know

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possibly that'll be designed in uh

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into the vehicle that'll hopefully go to

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mars in my lifetime i'd love to see it

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and

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you know i probably won't be able to

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participate in it directly as a crew

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member but maybe in some other

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commander this is our last question

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station this is houston acr that

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concludes the w radio portion of the

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event please stand by for a voice check

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from wgn radio

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station this is wgn radio how do you

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have you loud and clear

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excellent

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well on the super celebrity satellite i

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think there's no other way to put this

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anna we've got

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awesome one of the great american heroes

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commander scott kelly onboard the

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international space station and uh

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commander uh first of all uh

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congratulations you just made the

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halfway point of your year in space and

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physically do you feel

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better than you did 190 days ago or

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that's a that's a tough question you

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definitely i feel better in some ways in

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that you know gravity uh you know and

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the effects on your joints and and

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things on earth as you as you get older

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and i'm you know in my early 50s now is

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uh is something that i don't experience

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up here so

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you know in that regard it's it's better

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um

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so

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you know i think

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i don't i i wouldn't say i feel bad

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because i'm i've been up here for you

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know over six months

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so uh when you return to earth

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they've talked to you now obviously a

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year in space gonna it's gonna take a

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toll on in terms of all that what will

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you experience when you come back to

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earth in terms of how your joints are

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going to feel or vertigo or anything

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like that what have they told you to

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well i flew a flight

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about four or five years ago now

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to the space station that was 159 days

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long when i got back from that flight

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you know vertigo was something you

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experienced initially

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um for me that kind of cleared up

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pretty quickly you know within

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you know several hours

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i was feeling much better uh what took a

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much longer time was the soreness of

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muscles and and joints

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that for me lasted um you know about a

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month also you're pretty fatigued when

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you get home

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and um you know for a number of reasons

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and

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you know i expect that that'll be the

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same or maybe even worse this time

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commander um i want to ask about the

285
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twin experiments and your brother mark

286
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here on earth is uh mirroring a lot of

287
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the activities you're doing there

288
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um and i guess so

289
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how do you know he's doing a good job at

290
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it are you in constant contact with them

291
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and we also wanted to ask what if he

292
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like slips in a corona or cheats a

293
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little bit are you able to do that in

294
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well uh you know part of the the

295
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research is not him being on a similar

296
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diet that was you know really not deemed

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practical

298
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he wouldn't want to eat this food by

299
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although it's not bad if you had to eat

300
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this this stuff by choice

301
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for a whole year when you're you know

302
00:14:07,269 --> 00:14:04,639
your friends and family are you know

303
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diving into a stake that would be

304
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i think considered cruel and unusual

305
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punishment but uh

306
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so most of what he does

307
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is uh you know the same type of blood

308
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and other uh bodily samples

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that are getting from me and mris and

310
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other type of uh you know imaging

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technology that's used on him

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um

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yeah so

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do i know if he's he if he's cheating i

315
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don't think there's a whole lot of me be

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cheating on and i know he is keeping up

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with getting the samples

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he was he was in houston just the other

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day uh doing some of that uh so now

320
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let's talk a little bit about this

321
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incredible year

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for nasa and uh for the space program i

323
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think in a lot of ways and just for a

324
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human's understanding of what's going on

325
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you had pluto you had the intercept of a

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comet uh and now the water on mars and i

327
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think that certainly some of the

328
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experiments that you guys are doing here

329
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that you and your brother are doing and

330
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that you're doing up on the

331
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international space station is duration

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that's intended to be a part of uh that

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research will go into whatever the

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manned mars mission is uh how important

335
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do you think in terms of funding

336
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uh these these discoveries have been and

337
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you know hopefully it's uh you know it's

338
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a positive thing um

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you know like any government agency nasa

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needs uh funding at an appropriate level

341
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and uh you know demonstrating success in

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in you know anything whether it's nasa

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or other government agencies i think

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it's important to

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get the uh you know the the political

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support

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that you need to to get the you know

348
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funded at the appropriate level so yeah

349
00:16:00,389 --> 00:15:57,759
i think it's a great thing and

350
00:16:02,069 --> 00:16:00,399
you know each of those uh

351
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you know different uh missions you

352
00:16:05,590 --> 00:16:03,279
mentioned

353
00:16:08,310 --> 00:16:05,600
uh you know have captured people's

354
00:16:09,670 --> 00:16:08,320
imaginations in their own way and you

355
00:16:11,910 --> 00:16:09,680
know like you said with the last one

356
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with the water on mars uh you know

357
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really

358
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um you know hopefully someday it'll help

359
00:16:18,870 --> 00:16:16,959
when we get there and we we don't have

360
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to bring all this water with us and you

361
00:16:23,590 --> 00:16:21,680
know water is important for life and you

362
00:16:25,269 --> 00:16:23,600
know maybe means that there you know is

363
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life there somewhere to be found or

364
00:16:30,550 --> 00:16:28,000
ancient ancient life and provides

365
00:16:33,910 --> 00:16:30,560
possibly a way to make fuel to get home

366
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so it's a it's a big it's a great thing

367
00:16:37,590 --> 00:16:35,920
um commander also i wanted to ask you

368
00:16:39,590 --> 00:16:37,600
you know anybody who's seen the martian

369
00:16:42,949 --> 00:16:39,600
with matt damon has seen how he was

370
00:16:44,150 --> 00:16:42,959
growing his own food um up in in on mars

371
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as it were

372
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are you guys growing food there on the

373
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yeah so we grew some lettuce a few

374
00:16:59,189 --> 00:16:58,240
months ago and it uh it went great and

375
00:17:01,350 --> 00:16:59,199
uh

376
00:17:04,150 --> 00:17:01,360
you know hopefully from that experiment

377
00:17:06,630 --> 00:17:04,160
and experiments to come we'll learn to

378
00:17:09,189 --> 00:17:06,640
to you know grow more uh

379
00:17:11,270 --> 00:17:09,199
food on orbit and potentially use that

380
00:17:13,669 --> 00:17:11,280
technology to uh

381
00:17:15,350 --> 00:17:13,679
to go to mars someday or or elsewhere or

382
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just you know to be able to sustain

383
00:17:20,949 --> 00:17:17,520
ourselves here in low earth orbit

384
00:17:22,789 --> 00:17:20,959
a couple of days ago you you tweeted a

385
00:17:26,069 --> 00:17:22,799
picture of chicago with the aurora

386
00:17:29,029 --> 00:17:26,079
borealis over uh it was a great shot

387
00:17:30,549 --> 00:17:29,039
from your vantage point uh of the the

388
00:17:33,190 --> 00:17:30,559
southern part of lake michigan at night

389
00:17:34,630 --> 00:17:33,200
with the urban uh all the urban light of

390
00:17:37,110 --> 00:17:34,640
chicago and milwaukee and then that

391
00:17:39,430 --> 00:17:37,120
great green over that i know that you've

392
00:17:41,110 --> 00:17:39,440
talked about uh you know how incredible

393
00:17:43,590 --> 00:17:41,120
it is to see earth

394
00:17:49,750 --> 00:17:43,600
from that vantage point but what do you

395
00:17:53,350 --> 00:17:51,270
you know you miss the you know the

396
00:17:56,230 --> 00:17:53,360
people uh your friends your family

397
00:17:57,510 --> 00:17:56,240
people you love at home certainly

398
00:17:58,870 --> 00:17:57,520
not that you don't like the people up

399
00:18:00,390 --> 00:17:58,880
here but uh

400
00:18:01,669 --> 00:18:00,400
you know variety

401
00:18:03,270 --> 00:18:01,679
is uh

402
00:18:05,350 --> 00:18:03,280
just kind of important

403
00:18:07,110 --> 00:18:05,360
in that regard but the other thing

404
00:18:09,669 --> 00:18:07,120
the other thing is just being outside i

405
00:18:11,350 --> 00:18:09,679
mean we don't go outside at all you know

406
00:18:13,510 --> 00:18:11,360
occasionally you get to do a spacewalk

407
00:18:15,590 --> 00:18:13,520
we got one coming up here actually two

408
00:18:17,430 --> 00:18:15,600
coming up here in the next several weeks

409
00:18:19,909 --> 00:18:17,440
but it's not the same thing and just the

410
00:18:21,750 --> 00:18:19,919
freedom to kind of do what you want walk

411
00:18:23,669 --> 00:18:21,760
outside your house

412
00:18:25,909 --> 00:18:23,679
is uh you know is something we

413
00:18:28,390 --> 00:18:25,919
definitely miss

414
00:18:30,549 --> 00:18:28,400
is there uh what's the most spectacular

415
00:18:31,750 --> 00:18:30,559
thing that uh you think you've seen what

416
00:18:39,990 --> 00:18:31,760
are the what are some of the images that

417
00:18:45,029 --> 00:18:42,789
you know i i think the

418
00:18:46,950 --> 00:18:45,039
what you know i will learn from this

419
00:18:48,950 --> 00:18:46,960
let's talk about that first is just you

420
00:18:50,789 --> 00:18:48,960
know the the the

421
00:18:52,870 --> 00:18:50,799
i think the potential for us to do

422
00:18:54,710 --> 00:18:52,880
things that are really really hard

423
00:18:56,870 --> 00:18:54,720
uh you know building the space station

424
00:19:00,390 --> 00:18:56,880
was hard this is an amazing facility we

425
00:19:02,070 --> 00:19:00,400
do amazing research up here it takes uh

426
00:19:03,510 --> 00:19:02,080
you know an army of people on the ground

427
00:19:06,230 --> 00:19:03,520
not only in the united states but all

428
00:19:07,990 --> 00:19:06,240
around the world to to make this uh

429
00:19:09,270 --> 00:19:08,000
this program happen

430
00:19:12,150 --> 00:19:09,280
you know that's

431
00:19:14,470 --> 00:19:12,160
you know just the the limit uh

432
00:19:16,710 --> 00:19:14,480
of human potential i think is incredible

433
00:19:20,070 --> 00:19:16,720
and the you know the space

434
00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:20,080
program is a is a great uh place for for

435
00:19:24,549 --> 00:19:22,480
our nation and other nations to do that

436
00:19:25,669 --> 00:19:24,559
as far as visually seeing you know the

437
00:19:28,310 --> 00:19:25,679
earth

438
00:19:30,630 --> 00:19:28,320
never disappoints you know when i think

439
00:19:33,190 --> 00:19:30,640
i've seen it all i see something you

440
00:19:35,029 --> 00:19:33,200
know new and spectacular and

441
00:19:36,870 --> 00:19:35,039
hopefully i'll be able to keep those

442
00:19:39,430 --> 00:19:36,880
images with me for a while

443
00:19:40,950 --> 00:19:39,440
yeah uh commander thank you so much uh

444
00:19:43,110 --> 00:19:40,960
appreciate everything you're doing not

445
00:19:44,870 --> 00:19:43,120
only for the united states

446
00:19:47,909 --> 00:19:44,880
but for the world at the international

447
00:19:50,950 --> 00:19:47,919
space station and uh i hope that all the

448
00:19:52,470 --> 00:19:50,960
whatever it is that uh that comes out of

449
00:19:54,710 --> 00:19:52,480
this whether it's a mission to mars or

450
00:19:56,310 --> 00:19:54,720
whatever it happens to be that uh

451
00:19:58,070 --> 00:19:56,320
you know you take a very very important

452
00:19:59,669 --> 00:19:58,080
place in in the history of the american

453
00:20:02,950 --> 00:19:59,679
space program so we thank you for that

454
00:20:02,960 --> 00:20:05,669
thank you

455
00:20:13,029 --> 00:20:07,350
station this is houston acr that

456
00:20:17,510 --> 00:20:16,070
thank you radio and wgn radio station we